Hepatitis

 Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. The condition can be self-limiting or can progress to fibrosis (scarring), cirrhosis or liver cancer. Hepatitis viruses are the most common cause of hepatitis in the world but other infections, toxic substances (e.g. alcohol, certain drugs), and autoimmune diseases can also cause hepatitis. So there is either infectious hepatitis or non infectious hepatitis,

There are 5 main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. These 5 types are of greatest concern because of the burden of illness and death they cause and the potential for outbreaks and epidemic spread. In particular, types B and C lead to chronic disease in hundreds of millions of people and, together, are the most common cause of liver cirrhosis and cancer.

Hepatitis A and E are typically caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C and D usually occur as a result of parenteral contact with infected body fluids. Common modes of transmission for these viruses include receipt of contaminated blood or blood products, invasive medical procedures using contaminated equipment and for hepatitis B transmission from mother to baby at birth, from family member to child, and also by sexual contact.

Acute infection may occur with limited or no symptoms, or may include symptoms such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), dark urine, extreme fatigue, nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain.

Scientists have identified 5 unique hepatitis viruses, identified by the letters A, B, C, D, and E. While all cause liver disease, they vary in important ways.

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is present in the faeces of infected persons and is most often transmitted through consumption of contaminated water or food. Certain sex practices can also spread HAV. Infections are in many cases mild, with most people making a full recovery and remaining immune from further HAV infections. However, HAV infections can also be severe and life threatening. Most people in areas of the world with poor sanitation have been infected with this virus. Safe and effective vaccines are available to prevent HAV.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is transmitted through exposure to infective blood, semen, and other body fluids. HBV can be transmitted from infected mothers to infants at the time of birth or from family member to infant in early childhood. Transmission may also occur through transfusions of HBV-contaminated blood and blood products, contaminated injections during medical procedures, and through injection drug use. HBV also poses a risk to healthcare workers who sustain accidental needle stick injuries while caring for infected-HBV patients. Safe and effective vaccines are available to prevent HBV.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is mostly transmitted through exposure to infective blood. This may happen through transfusions of HCV-contaminated blood and blood products, contaminated injections during medical procedures, and through injection drug use. Sexual transmission is also possible, but is much less common. There is no vaccine for HCV.

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infections occur only in those who are infected with HBV. The dual infection of HDV and HBV can result in a more serious disease and worse outcome. Hepatitis B vaccines provide protection from HDV infection.


Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is mostly transmitted through consumption of contaminated water or food. HEV is a common cause of hepatitis outbreaks in developing parts of the world and is increasingly recognized as an important cause of disease in developed countries. Safe and effective vaccines to prevent HEV infection have been developed but are not widely available.

 Symptoms of hepatitis can be summed up as

Personality disorders

A personality disorder is a type of mental disorder in which you have a rigid and unhealthy pattern of thinking, functioning and behaving. A person with a personality disorder has trouble perceiving and relating to situations and people. This causes significant problems and limitations in relationships, social activities, work and school.

In some cases, you may not realize that you have a personality disorder because your way of thinking and behaving seems natural to you. And you may blame others for the challenges you face.

Personality disorders usually begin in the teenage years or early adulthood. There are many types of personality disorders. Some types may become less obvious throughout middle age.
A person suffering from this disorder can present as:
Types of personality disorders are grouped into three clusters, based on similar characteristics and symptoms. Many people with one personality disorder also have signs and symptoms of at least one additional personality disorder. It's not necessary to exhibit all the signs and symptoms listed for a disorder to be diagnosed.
Cluster A personality disorders are characterized by odd, eccentric thinking or behavior. They include paranoid personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder and schizotypal personality disorder.
Paranoid personality disorder:

• Pervasive distrust and suspicion of others and their motives
• Unjustified belief that others are trying to harm or deceive you
• Unjustified suspicion of the loyalty or trustworthiness of others
• Hesitancy to confide in others due to unreasonable fear that others will use the information against you
• Perception of innocent remarks or nonthreatening situations as personal insults or attacks
• Angry or hostile reaction to perceived slights or insults
• Tendency to hold grudges
• Unjustified, recurrent suspicion that spouse or sexual partner is unfaithful
• Schizoid personality disorder
• Lack of interest in social or personal relationships, preferring to be alone
• Limited range of emotional expression
• Inability to take pleasure in most activities
• Inability to pick up normal social cues
• Appearance of being cold or indifferent to others
• Little or no interest in having sex with another person

Schizotypal personality disorder:

• Peculiar dress, thinking, beliefs, speech or behavior
• Odd perceptual experiences, such as hearing a voice whisper your name
• Flat emotions or inappropriate emotional responses
• Social anxiety and a lack of or discomfort with close relationships
• Indifferent, inappropriate or suspicious response to others
• "Magical thinking" — believing you can influence people and events with your thoughts
• Belief that certain casual incidents or events have hidden messages meant only for you

Cluster B personality disorders:
Cluster B personality disorders are characterized by dramatic, overly emotional or unpredictable thinking or behavior. They include antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder and narcissistic personality disorder.

Antisocial personality disorder:

• Disregard for others' needs or feelings
• Persistent lying, stealing, using aliases, conning others
• Recurring problems with the law
• Repeated violation of the rights of others
• Aggressive, often violent behavior
• Disregard for the safety of self or others
• Impulsive behavior
• Consistently irresponsible
• Lack of remorse for behavior
• Borderline personality disorder
• Impulsive and risky behavior, such as having unsafe sex, gambling or binge eating
• Unstable or fragile self-image
• Unstable and intense relationships
• Up and down moods, often as a reaction to interpersonal stress
• Suicidal behavior or threats of self-injury
• Intense fear of being alone or abandoned
• Ongoing feelings of emptiness
• Frequent, intense displays of anger
• Stress-related paranoia that comes and goes
• Histrionic personality disorder
• Constantly seeking attention
• Excessively emotional, dramatic or sexually provocative to gain attention
• Speaks dramatically with strong opinions, but few facts or details to back them up
• Easily influenced by others
• Shallow, rapidly changing emotions
• Excessive concern with physical appearance
• Thinks relationships with others are closer than they really are

Narcissistic personality disorder:

• Belief that you're special and more important than others
• Fantasies about power, success and attractiveness
• Failure to recognize others' needs and feelings
• Exaggeration of achievements or talents
• Expectation of constant praise and admiration
• Arrogance
• Unreasonable expectations of favors and advantages, often taking advantage of others
• Envy of others or belief that others envy you

Cluster C personality disorders:
Cluster C personality disorders are characterized by anxious, fearful thinking or behavior. They include avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

Avoidant personality disorder:

• Too sensitive to criticism or rejection
• Feeling inadequate, inferior or unattractive
• Avoidance of work activities that require interpersonal contact
• Socially inhibited, timid and isolated, avoiding new activities or meeting strangers
• Extreme shyness in social situations and personal relationships
• Fear of disapproval, embarrassment or ridicule
• Dependent personality disorder
• Excessive dependence on others and feeling the need to be taken care of
• Submissive or clingy behavior toward others
• Fear of having to provide self-care or fend for yourself if left alone
• Lack of self-confidence, requiring excessive advice and reassurance from others to make even small decisions
• Difficulty starting or doing projects on your own due to lack of self-confidence
• Difficulty disagreeing with others, fearing disapproval
• Tolerance of poor or abusive treatment, even when other options are available
• Urgent need to start a new relationship when a close one has ended
• Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
• Preoccupation with details, orderliness and rules
• Extreme perfectionism, resulting in dysfunction and distress when perfection is not achieved, such as feeling unable to finish a project because you don't meet your own strict standards
• Desire to be in control of people, tasks and situations, and inability to delegate tasks
• Neglect of friends and enjoyable activities because of excessive commitment to work or a project
• Inability to discard broken or worthless objects
• Rigid and stubborn
• Inflexible about morality, ethics or values
• Tight, miserly control over budgeting and spending money

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder is not the same as obsessive-compulsive disorder, a type of anxiety disorder.

When to see a doctor:
If you have any signs or symptoms of a personality disorder, see your doctor or other primary care professional or a mental health professional. Untreated, personality disorders can cause significant problems in your life that may get worse without treatment.
Personality is the combination of thoughts, emotions and behaviors that makes you unique. It's the way you view, understand and relate to the outside world, as well as how you see yourself. Personality forms during childhood, shaped through an interaction of:

Your genes. Certain personality traits may be passed on to you by your parents through inherited genes. These traits are sometimes called your temperament.
Your environment. This involves the surroundings you grew up in, events that occurred, and relationships with family members and others.
Personality disorders are thought to be caused by a combination of these genetic and environmental influences. Your genes may make you vulnerable to developing a personality disorder, and a life situation may trigger the actual development.

Risk factors:
Although the precise cause of personality disorders is not known, certain factors seem to increase the risk of developing or triggering personality disorders, including:

• Family history of personality disorders or other mental illness
• Abusive, unstable or chaotic family life during childhood
• Being diagnosed with childhood conduct disorder
• Variations in brain chemistry and structure

Complications:
Personality disorders can significantly disrupt the lives of both the affected person and those who care about that person. Personality disorders may cause problems with relationships, work or school, and can lead to social isolation or alcohol or drug abuse.

Common Cold

 The common cold is a viral infection of your nose and throat. It is usually harmless, although it might not feel that way, but it is harmless. Children younger than 6 yrs are at the  greatest risk for catching this, but young healthy adults may also have two or three colds annually. Most people recover from this within a week or 10 days.

     Symptoms usually appear after 1 to 3 days of exposure to the virus, and these may vary from person to person including the following:

• Runny or stuffy nose
• Sore throat
• Cough
• Congestion
• Body aches
• Head ache
• Sneezing
• Fever
• Malaise

A common practice is the use of antibiotics for this particular disease, self medication is always harmful, as this is a viral disease, antibiotics have no affect and they may worsen the fever.

 If the fever is greater than 103.5 F then you may have a need to consult your doctor.

 Although a vast majority of viruses can cause this but the most common culprits among them is the rhinovirus. It enters the body through mouth, eyes, or nose. It may be spread by a hand to hand contact.
 It may have several complications including an Ear infection or sinusitis or it may even cause bronchitis in children.

 There is no vaccine, but precautionary measures  can help prevent the spread of this  disease.
Washing your hands, using disinfectants, and using tissues always help to prevent the spread of it.

Schizophrenia

A chronic severe mental disorder, that affects how a person thinks,feels,and behaves. People seem like they have lost touch with reality. Not as common like depression but the symptoms are really disabling.

 The symptoms appear usually between the age of 16-30 years, but in rare cases children may also present with symptoms. The symptoms are usually divided into three categories, Positive,Negative,and Cognitive.

  Positive symptoms are psychotic behaviors not generally seen in healthy people. These may include:

• Hallucinations
• Delusions
• Thought and movement disorders

  The negative symptoms are disturbance to normal emotions, these are:

• Reduced expression of facial emotions
• Reduced feeling of pleasure in routine life
• Difficulty in beginning and sustaining activities
• Reduced speaking

  Cognitive symptoms are related to memory and other aspects of thinking these may be:

• Poor ability to understand information
• Poor decision making
• Trouble focusing 
• Problem with working memory or the ability use information after immediately learning it.

 

   Certain risk factors including Genes and environment play a major role in the progression of this disease. Usually it runs in families as a genetic disorder, or some scientists regard the genetics as a major risk factor. No single gene causes it.
  An imbalance in the neurotransmitters probably glutamate and dopamine also play a role. Changes occurring during puberty may also trigger an onset.

 For the treatment Always consult a doctor, Self treating is always harmful.

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Tuberculosis

 Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infection that is spread by inhaling tiny droplets in air that are coughed or sneezed by an infected person. It mainly affects the lungs, but it may have an effect on any organ of the body like, kidneys, or even the brain.

 Tb occurs worldwide, but commonly in the third world countries, where people usually are malnourished. Typical symptoms of TB include,

• A persistent cough that has been for at least three weeks and the sputum is usually tinged with blood.
• Weight Loss
• Night sweats
• Fever, usually high grade occuring at night
• Loss of appetite
• Swelling in the neck

  These symptoms may not present immediately and may even take months or years before they fully present after the primary infection. Sometimes it doesn't cause any symptoms and goes into a latent form. Only the active from of this disease presents the symptoms.

Anyone can get TB, but those at greatest risk include people:

• who live in, come from, or have spent time in a country or area with high levels of TB – around three in every four TB cases in the UK affect people born outside the UK
• in prolonged close contact with someone who's infected
• living in crowded conditions
• with a condition that weakens their immune system, such as HIV
• having treatments that weaken the immune system, such as chemotherapy or biological agents 
• who are very young or very old – the immune systems of people who are young or elderly tend to be weaker than those of healthy adults

Treatment for tuberculosis (TB) usually involves taking antibiotics for several months.While TB is a serious condition that can be fatal if left untreated, deaths are rare if treatment is completed.Most people don't need to be admitted to hospital during treatment. 

  Always have a complete course of your treatment, never leave prescribed medicines in between the course because it always increases the risk of reinfection.

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Mixed Anxiety Disorer

  A mental health disorder characterized by anxiety and depression, and a related symptoms are simply a mixture of these two entities The symptoms of anxiety and depression are both present in an equal ration and none of them is prominent.

   The symptoms can be very similar and to diagnose a case of mixed anxiety is a task, that requires a highly skillful psychiatrist. A patient usually presents with the following symptoms:

1. A dysphoric mood
2. Trouble concentrating and problem with memories
3. Disturbed sleep
4. Lack of energy and tiredeness
5. Worrying without any cause
6. Easily crying 
7. Enhanced sensory state
8. Pessimistic
9. Having low self esteem

  Stress, Childhood trauma, and having a chronic illness have been characterized as the risk factors, but as it has been recently included in the ICD 10, still more research is going on.

 Consulting a psychiatrist and ofcourse having therapy and sessions is the best way of getting rid of this.

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Hypertension

    A common condition in which the force of blood against the walls of the arteries leads to problems such as heart disease. Your blood pressure depends upon the volume of blood pumped by your heart per minute and the resistance offered by your arteries to the flow of blood, this simply means that, more the blood pumped and narrower the arteries, greater would be your blood pressure.

    You can suffer from hypertension, even without any visible symptoms, and still it is damaging  the blood carrying vessels. It generally develops over years and nearly has an effect on everyone, but luckily it is easily detected and can be managed with a similar ease.
    Most people have no symptoms even with dangerously high readings.Some people do have headaches, nosebleeds and dizziness even though these signs are not specific.
  There are two main causes of hypertension one is Primary hypertension, and the other is the secondary hypertension. For primary there is no identifiable cause and it is attributed to genetic predisposition only. There might be certain other diseases that lead to a secondary hypertension which means hypertension is secondary to another disease, the most common being kidney problems and abuse of drugs like amphetamines. an excessive use of salt may also lead to a raised blood pressure.

  Risk factors such as age, being obese or over weight also play a dominant role in the progression of this disease.
   For the preventive measures, i would just refer to the below shown pictures

    Uncontrolled blood pressure may lead to certain complications, such as heart failure, stokes, metabolic disorders, kidney diseases and it may even cause dementia.

  A normal range of blood pressure should be between 120/80-140/90, and if in any case you have a higher value for more than 3 days consecutively then you should consider consulting your doctor.

 

Bulimia Nervosa

    While the royal wedding was going on, all eyes were on the couple, comparing the new princess with Lady Diana, and while i was watching the whole procession  one thing that was coming in my mind was the eating disorder that she had been suffering from, 'Bulimia" a disease characterized by a cycle of bingeing and self compensatory behaviors such as inducing an artificial vomit to compensate for the effects of binge.

    Eating in a discrete period of time and eating an amount of food that is definitely larger than most people would eat during that time. A sense of lack of control over eating during that period of time. And then recurrent inappropriate behaviors in order to compensate or prevent the gain in weight.
    This is referred to as the binge- purge cycle a simple flow chart shown below explains the cycle completely.

    According to the National institute of mental health, Women are more likely to develop this disorder and at least 1% of the adult population is suffering from this disorder.  
  Therapy is designed by your consultant psychiatrist and by recognizing the triggers, he helps you manage stress and overeating. Therapy is necessary because our body is not designed for repetitive vomits as it causes an electrolyte imbalance, damage to our heart and may also cause Gastric ulceration.

Cholesterol and its harmful effects

    Cholesterol, as some might after hearing this word consider it a harmful substance, is actually an essential component of the outer most covering of our cells known as the cell membrane.

    This is a simple diagrammatic representation of that particular membrane containing cholesterol, this, thus showing us that cholesterol isn't harmful but the excess of it is. Cholesterol circulates in our blood in bound form as "LIPOPROTIENS", which are classified as good cholesterol or bad cholesterol. LDL is the bad cholesterol and HDL is the good cholesterol.

    LDL levels shoud be less than a 100mg/dL in our body and the HDL levels should be atleast greater than 60mg/dL. These are the baseline values and as you can already interpret, a rise in the LDL levels and fall in the HDL levels results in serious heart conditions by formations of plaques of cholesterol that reduce the supply of blood to the muscle tissues of our heart.
    As the formation of plaques start and the partial occlusion of arteries occurs, this situation is termed as atherosclerosis. This is a high risk condition as atherosclerosis is the foundation of the Coronary Heart Disease.

        If you have been diagnosed with a high cholesterol blood level, than simply changing your dietary habits is the best treatment of all. According to a research conducted in Harvard a diet based on oats, barley, beans, eggplant & okra, nuts, vegetable oils, apples, grapes, strawberries and citrus fruits, soy, fatty fish, and fiber supplements like ispaghol, help you controll the high LDL levels as the foods which contain fiber directly drag this bad cholesterol out of your body without letting it get absorbed from your gut, while others get you polyunsaturated fatty acids which directly lower LDL.
    By simply  following a healthy lifestyle, exercising properly and having a fiber rich diet, can help us avoiding alot of diseases. Stay smart stay healthy.
   My gratitude is to Rumsha,Asna and Tayyaba for helping me, and pointing out my mistakes, ofcourse you guys encourage me I write!

Bipolar Disorder

    A manic-depressive illness,which causes shifts in mood, energy levels and the ability to carry out daily tasks.

    The mood may be elevated up to mania at a moment with high energy levels and may be depressed to very sad, "down" and hopeless periods. People with bipolar disorder experience periods of unusually intense emotions, changes in sleep pattern and activity levels.

     To differentiate between mania and depression these following observations can help
For Mania:

• The person may feel "HIGH" with an elevated mood
• Have a surge of high energy levels
• Feel jumpy and weird during the maniac episode
• Talk very fast and feel agitated
• Think of themselves as "Multitaskers" and capable of doing alot of things at once
• Do reckless things

   Whereas a person having depression may feel:

• Sad, Empty, Down and Hopeless
• Have little energy
• Sleep disturbance, may sleep alot, may not sleep at all.
• Feel worried and empty all the time
• Have trouble concentrating and tend to forget things

   Episodes of mixed features also occur among some patients, known as the mood episode.

    Certain risk factors like alot of mind related disorders are associated with this disease, the most prominent of them is a genetic disposition which alters the metabolic map of our brain leading to the emergence of these symptoms.
   A simple pictorial differentiation between a normal human mind and a patient of bipolar disorder is shown.

 
 Finally, do not worry if you have mood swings without specific symptoms, You're fine, it is sometimes natural :) 

Osteoporosis

   Osteoporosis, is a disease which is actually age related in women, causes the bones to become fragile leading to decreased quality of life.

   Worldwide 1 out of 3 women are affected by this disease, and it causes around 8.9 million fractures annually.

   The bones especially the weight bearing bones in the body start to weaken and become fragile, easily susceptible to fractures. The ribs, the spine, the wrist, and the hip bones are the most commonly fractured bones, others may also be fractured.

   It occurs usually in post menopausal women around an age of 45-50, due to a decreased oestrogen (Female hormone) level in their bodies. This oestrogen keeps a check on the bone absorbing cells(osteoclasts) and after  this check is lost these cells start working vigorously resulting in a bone like shown below.

Certain factors cause and increase the risk of this disease and these are mentioned as follows.

• Low dietary calcium
• Family history (genetic predisposition)
• Caucasian or Asian race
• Thin body frame
• Poor nutrition
• Celiac sprue (Allergy to wheat "Gluten") leading to malabsorption
• Vitamin C, D deficiency
• Smoking 
• Alcoholism

    For prevention and treatment, the strategy basically revolves around the prevention of fracturing of bones, in addition girls of younger age should be educated for a proper exercise routine, including strength training workouts and having a diet rich in calcium from an early period.

A dietary recommendation of foods rich in Calcium and Vitamin D is used for prevention which is as follows:

• Dairy products like milk,cheese, and yogurt
• Green leafy vegetables like spinach and keel
• Sesame seeds
• Figs
• Apricot 
• Eggs 
• Fish

   Certain foods are asked to be avoided like salt, caffeine , and carbonated drinks as these cause an increased excretion of calcium from the human body.

ADHD

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), is a common problem in children of growing age nowadays. This problem has been on a rise because of the dietary changes in the recent years.



   It is found more significantly in children but grown-ups also show certain signs of this disorder. At an average, the male to female ratio is of 10:1.



    ADHD is a disorder that makes it difficult for a person to pay attention and control his impulsive behaviours, the person may be restless and constantly active (hyperactive).



    The symptoms begin in early childhood, may regress, or may worsen with the passage of time.

    As depicted above, it is a triad of three basic symptoms which merge and submerge to cause this syndrome.



   A number of factors have been attributed to this disorder which are classified as predisposing factors or risk factors. These may be the sole reason or may be because of interaction with the environment.



Some of them are as follows:



Genes

Smoking,

Alcohol abuse (In Adults)

Low Birth Weight

Brain injuries



    People with an ongoing ADHD show a pattern of three types of symptoms:



Difficulty in paying Attention

Being Hyperactive

Acting without  thinking.



    The combination of these symptoms may present as:



To overlook or miss details and to make careless mistakes.Seem not to listen when being spoken to directly.Have problems organizing tasks.Avoid tasks that require constant mental effort.Forgetfulness of daily routine activities.Become easily distracted.

    They also are unable to play or do tasks quietly, talk non-stop, have trouble in waiting in a line or for their turn, and also interrupt others meaninglessly.



    Certain foods have been thought to be associated with either causing or worsening the symptoms of this disorder but a majority of neuroscientists agree on the latter theory.

    There is a symptomatic treatment regime for this disorder and the child is usually trained and educated to overcome his symptoms.

  

Anemia (Iron deficiency)

    Anemia if I would simply say, is a reduced Haemoglobin level leading to decreased oxygen transport. Red Blood Cells (RBCs), are the major Oxygen transporters of our body. They function to transport Oxygen from our lungs to various parts of our body. These cells have a special Iron containing protein known as haemoglobin (Hb), which actually performs this function. As I am specifically mentioning this disease for women, the normal levels of Hb in a female human body are around 12-15.5g/dL.
    Anemia is of a variety of types but today I will be highlighting anemia due a deficiency of Iron in women. It occaurs in elderly, children and women, but the latter are usually more severely affected.
    According to survey conducted by W.H.O. in 2015 42% of the females in South East Asia suffer anemia due to Iron deficiency

    This disease is multifactorial and has a myriad of causes, some important but not all will be mentioned as follows.

• The major cause is the dietary deficiency of Iron.
• In women there may be an additional deficiency due to excessive menstrual bleeding which goes unchecked and uncured for a longer period of time.
• People who are infected with Hookworms also suffer this disease as this parasite lives in your intestines and feeds on your blood.
• Some people when have excessive stress, suffer from gastric ulcers, these ulcers bleed and give your stool a characteristic color ultimately leading to iron deficiency.
• Vitamin C is an important factor for the absorption of Iron, if a person is deficient in Vitamin C or has been suffering from scurvy may additionally acquire this disease also.

     The signs and symptoms if I talk about them are 

1. Fatigue 
2. Lethargy 
3. Dizziness
4. Palor of the skin of palms and soles
5. Shortness of breath
6. And Cravings to eat ice or clay ( definitely consult your doc now)
7. Spooning of nails.

     For the treatment NEVER EVER TREAT YOURSELF ALWAYS CONSULT A DOCTOR.  Depending upon the condition this can be treated by either iron supplements or by a planned dietary regime. Intake of vegetables and fruits like, Dark green and Leafy vegetables (Spinach), nuts, dry fruits, tomatoes, Red Meat, Eggs and , liver (NOT HUMAN) that are rich in iron, are helpful.

  If you are suffering from a vitamin C deficiency then you should opt for citrus fruits like lemons, oranges ,guavas and grape fruit.

  For lactating mothers they themselves should be on an iron rich diet and should make sure to feed their children properly.

 

Popeye says BYE BYE!